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Bucket or Barrel Calorimeter

Bucket or Barrel Calorimeter 

This method of measuring the dryness fraction of steam is not exact method

(a) Construction: 

  • The apparatus shown in Fig. 4.4 consists of a copper calorimeter which is placed on wooden blocks ina vessel. The vessel is large enough to provide an air space around the calorimeter. This air space provides insulation to prevent heat loss. The top cover is made of wood and it closes both the calorimeter and the vessel. This cover has two holes. Through one hole, the steam pipe is led into the calorimeter. The steam is distributed in the water in the calorimeter by the holes in the bottom ring which is connected to the end of the steam pipe. The thermometer is inserted from the second hole to measure the temperature of waterin the calorimeter.

(b) Working:

  • The first step of the experiment is to measure the weight of calorimeter. With the known value of specific heat of copper, the water equivalent of calorimeter is calculated. Then necessary amount of water is taken, in the calorimeter and its initial temperature is noted. 
  • The calorimeter is placed in the vessel. The top cover is placed in position and the steam pipe is connected to main steam pipe.
  • The steam comes in contact with water in the calorimeter when steam is passed through the water. It condenses and gives out its entire enthalpy of evaporation (latent heat) and part of ts sensible heat. Due to heat transfer from steam to water in the calorimeter.

(c) Calculation of dryness fraction of steam

  • Let, p= Pressure of steam in a steam pipe, bar =Enthalpy of liquid at p.kJ/kg 4=Temperature of water and vessel before experiment, "C =Temperature of water and vessel afterexperiment, °C =Enthalpy of water after mixing at , kJ/kg SEnthalpy of evaporation of steam, kJ/kg m =Mass of steam condensed, kg =Mass of water in calorimeter, kg mt=Mass of Calorimeter,kg Cpw= Specificheat of water, kJ/kg K Cne Specific heat of calorimeter, kJ/kg KX = Dryness fraction of steam Heat lost by the steam = Heat gained by water and calorimeter.

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